PLANNING :
Source- Google images
In organisations, planning can become a management process, concerned with defining goals for a future direction and determining on the missions and resources to achieve those targets. To meet the goals, managers may develop plans such as a business plan or a marketing plan. Planning always has a purpose. Planning is one of the most important project management and time management techniques. Planning is preparing a sequence of action steps to achieve some specific goal. If a person does it effectively, they can reduce much the necessary time and effort of achieving the goal. A plan is like a map. When following a plan, a person can see how much they have progressed towards their project goal and how far they are from their destination.
There are three major types of planning, which include operational, tactical and strategic planning. A fourth type of planning, known as contingency planning, is an alternative course of action, which can be implemented if and when an original plan fails to produce the anticipated result.
STEPS INVOLVED IN PLANNING:
Source-Google Wikipedia
Example of Planning process:
CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANNING -
- First and foremost managerial function : Organising, staffing, directing, controlling etc..
- Goal oriented : It should focus on the goals of the organisation.
- Pervasive : It is pervasive that is it is present in all the senses of the organisation.
- Continuous process : Plans are framed, executed and followed by another plan.
- Intellectual process : It is a mental exercise as it involves the mind.
- Futuristic : In the process of planning we always have a sneak peek of the future.
LIMITATIONS OF PLANNING IN MANAGEMENT:
Source-Google planning limitations
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